Historical and Legal Foundations of the 1961 Monetary Reform
The issuance of Soviet money began in 1947. To prevent this currency issue from becoming an object of third parties’ covetous interests and rights, from 1 January 1961 it was transferred into a deposit in gold as backing, solely under the guise of monetary reform in the Soviet Union and in the form of redenomination accompanied by devaluation, and deposited at face value for 49 years for the benefit of the Soviet Union and for the exclusive benefit of the sovereign citizens of the USSR as the victorious people. A ratio of 10 to 1 was established, and this face value was replaced with banknotes issued in 1961. Banknotes issued in 1961 should not be confused with those issued in 1991: they look exactly the same, with only the years differing. The banknotes issued in 1991 have no gold backing; they were issued by Yeltsin and by Gerashchenko on his instructions.
The lecturer links USSR Council of Ministers Resolution No. 470 of 4 May 1960, “On Changing the Scale of Prices and Replacing the Money Currently in Circulation with New Money,” to the CPSU Central Committee’s initiative. The lecture characterises the reform as confiscatory, mentions the Socialist International and gives income of 124,369 tonnes of 999-fine gold.
The sum of 14 billion Soviet roubles at face value and at a rate of 0.98 grams of gold, which was declared to be the value of the rights to lease Soviet land and to be present in USSR territory for 30 years (in a non-title system of geographical coordinates — this is very important to understand), was declared to be a collateral value of 14 billion Soviet roubles, which were to be returned by 2021. The Russian Federation, acting as a commercial agent, evaded making this repayment. That is a separate story.
In a separate passage, the lecturer discusses an extension of the German Reich trust, refusal to capitulate in 2016 and expected completion of the procedures in 2026. The references to 23 September, an additional month and 72 hours do not form an unambiguous calculation in the transcript. In a lecture dated 27 August 2026, this is still a forecast, not confirmation of a September event already completed.
The historical part of the lecture connects the 1947 issue, the 1961 currency replacement at 10:1 and a 49-year deposit of the face value for the benefit of the USSR and its sovereign citizens. The lecturer separately gives the figure of 124,369 tonnes of gold in discussing the reform.
The Rouble’s Gold Backing and the Collateral Value of Soviet Land
The sum of 14 billion Soviet roubles at face value and at a rate of 0.98 grams of gold per rouble was declared to be the value of the rights to lease Soviet land and to be present in USSR territory for 30 years. The same sum was designated as the collateral value to be returned by 2021. This concerns a non-title system of geographical coordinates, which is fundamentally important to understanding the substance of the obligation: what was being valued was not abstract currency, but the actual rights to lease Soviet land and the rights to be present in the territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics over a thirty-year period.
According to the lecturer, the RF as a commercial agent evaded returning 14 billion Soviet roubles by 2021. This 30-year territorial lease episode is separately identified in the lecture and is not the same as the 49-year deposit relating to the currency issue.
The Academy’s account distinguishes the Soviet rouble’s stated gold content of 0.98 grams from the collateral sum of 14 billion roubles for 30 years of territorial use. Discussing them together does not establish the same agreement or the same repayment period.
To understand this mechanism correctly, it is necessary to take into account that the 1961 monetary reform took the form of redenomination accompanied by devaluation and involved replacing the money in circulation with new banknotes. The exchange ratio was set at 10 to 1. Banknotes issued in 1961 have gold backing, whereas those issued in 1991, which look similar, have no such backing. This distinction is crucial to assessing the legal status of the currency and the obligations arising from it.
In connection with the reform, the lecturer repeats the reference to Resolution No. 470 of 4 May 1960 and the figure of 124,369 tonnes of 999-fine gold. The article does not supply separate primary documents establishing a connection between every amount and the lease rights.
The collateral value of Soviet land, amounting to 14 billion Soviet roubles and due to be returned by 2021, was not returned. This means that the Russian Federation, acting as a commercial agent, failed to fulfil the obligations it had undertaken towards the Soviet Union and its sovereign citizens.
The Academy examines the reform and demands for the return of Soviet assets within its position on the USSR’s continuity. The 49-year deposit, 30-year lease and later annual loan are different elements of that position; their terms are considered separately below.
Annual Soviet Loans to Citizens since July 1992: Terms and Mechanism
According to the lecture, an annual loan of 5,000 Soviet roubles has been provided to each citizen from the USSR budget and State Bank funds since July 1992, with 0.98 grams of 999-fine gold per rouble. The lecturer cites Council of Ministers Resolution No. 351 of 23 March 1987 on loans to citizens engaged in individual labour activity, registration С198700172. He also names Bank of Russia Letter No. 14 of 9 July 1992 on non-cash settlements; it is not quoted as a separate procedure for annual loan disbursement.
The stated terms have two parts: 2,000 roubles for up to 12 months at 3% per annum, and the remaining 3,000 roubles for up to 24 months from disbursement at 2% per annum. The lecturer then states that the Bank of Russia received that interest and held it on deposit at 8% per annum, with the digital government and RF insurers responsible for interest payments.
However, using a falsified and fraudulent scheme, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation evaded and refused to make payments on and repay the above-mentioned loan. Moreover, it announced to international regulators that the Soviet loan, its deposit and accumulated interest had been spent on the needs of digital public authority, paid to citizens through pension and social funds and compulsory health insurance, and used to issue and cancel consumer loans, meet renovation needs and cover its own expenditure outside the designated purposes. These actions constitute an egregious breach of financial obligations towards Soviet citizens and the Soviet Union as a whole. As a result, international regulators attested that the trading company ‘Russian Federation’ had entered default and, anticipated insolvency and bankruptcy from 2 September 2026, still a future date at the time of the lecture.
The lecture holds the Bank of Russia and its policyholders responsible for the deposit and interest before a Soviet military tribunal in The Hague. Separately, it describes funds for continuing the loan as seized from late June 2026 from entities termed “Greater Armenia” and their international policyholders. In the Academy’s position, the RF trading company cannot write off, forgive or cancel the Soviet loan; the debt is assigned to it by way of recourse with insurance coverage.
The lecturer demands that the RF trading company’s insurers provide the extraordinary Soviet authorities with 200% insurance coverage. This is a demand for coverage; the lecture does not separately confirm its provision to every citizen or compare it with general insurance standards.
In the Academy’s position, the annual loan, its deposit and interest remain subject to claims despite the expenditure explanations attributed to the Bank of Russia. The lecture distinguishes the demand for performance, the accusation of evasion and anticipated future liability.
Unlawful Withholding of Soviet Assets and Responsibility under International Law
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation, operating through a falsified and fraudulent scheme, evaded and refused to make payments on and repay the annual Soviet loan provided to USSR citizens since July 1992, and to return the associated deposit and accumulated interest. Instead of fulfilling its obligations towards the Soviet Union and its sovereign citizens, the Central Bank announced to the international regulators of the global financial system that the Soviet loan, its deposit and accumulated interest had been spent on the needs of digital public authority, paid to citizens through pension and social funds and compulsory health insurance, and used to issue and cancel consumer loans, meet renovation needs and cover its own expenditure outside the designated purposes. This explanation has no lawful basis and constitutes an attempt to evade responsibility for withholding Soviet assets.
The Academy rejects the explanation that the listed expenditure extinguished the Soviet loan obligations. The lecturer stresses that the RF trading company cannot write off, forgive or cancel the loan and connects repayment with a recourse claim and insurance payments.
The lecturer anticipates insolvency and bankruptcy from 2 September 2026, a future date at the time of the lecture. The June seizure of funds is described separately. Neither passage reports a judgment already delivered on an individual citizen’s claim.
The lecture identifies a tribunal in The Hague as the forum before which the Bank of Russia and its policyholders will be accountable. This passage does not provide the tribunal’s founding instruments, jurisdictional rules or a joint-and-several recovery procedure against policyholders.
The Soviet loan cannot be written off, forgiven or cancelled by the trading company ‘Russian Federation’ and, by way of recourse, is charged as a debt to the trading company RF and must be covered by insurance payments from its policyholders.
International recognition of the USSR and the obligations of the USA and the Bank for International Settlements
In September 2024, the UN General Assembly and the UN Secretariat confirmed and recognised that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics exists and, under Article 23 of the UN Charter, is a permanent member of the UN Security Council as well as its founder. This recognition is fundamental to the entire system of international financial obligations because it confirms the continuity of the USSR’s existence as a subject of international law and a victorious power. This incontrovertible fact gives rise to specific legal consequences for the USA and the Bank for International Settlements in Basel.
The USA, as the controller and supervisor of the global banking system, and the Bank for International Settlements in Basel must be placed under an obligation to close all deposits and holdings in funds and banks throughout the global financial system, across all monetary aggregates, and unconditionally return to the Sovereign International Treasury M1, in gold currency, the value of the holdings represented by the monetary aggregates of the Soviet rouble currency zone. In addition, they must pay the USSR State Bank in Moscow all interest income and annuities generated and received in wartime from the global banking and financial system.
The obligation to pay for the services and charges of banks and funds for servicing deposits and holdings is transferred in full to, and imposed on, the digital government of the Russian Federation and Armenia as a policyholder of the closed trading company ‘Russian Federation’. This means that the burden of the costs of servicing Soviet deposits and holdings unlawfully placed in the global banking system falls specifically on those parties, rather than on the Soviet Union or its sovereign citizens.
Thus, the incontrovertible and indisputable fact of the continuous existence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a victorious power and as a founder and permanent member of the United Nations Security Council gives rise to statutory subsidiary liability on the part of the United States of America and the Bank for International Settlements in Basel in respect of the Soviet Union’s sovereign claims. This liability includes returning to the Sovereign International Treasury M1, in gold currency, the value of the holdings represented by the monetary aggregates of the Soviet rouble currency zone that are recorded on balance sheets, in accounts and in records within the global banking and financial system, with corresponding entries in the dual records of the USSR State Bank.
The Soviet Union confirms and establishes quotas in world money for all UN members. These quotas are recorded and accounted for in expenditure statements, cash disbursement offices, accounts and balance sheets within these dual records by the Sovereign International Treasury M1 in all countries created and established under international agreements and treaties of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. These quotas were created as budgets for the development of these countries and territories at a time when the national and central banks of these countries, and their territories, lacked—and still lack—adequate gold cover and backing for currency issuance, because by 2026 all national and central banks had become insolvent and bankrupt and had closed or were due to close by the end of 2026, had ceased to exist and had drawn up their national and federal budgets.
In these circumstances, in order to evade responsibility, the USA resorted to yet another fraudulent deception. Using dual accounting ledgers that had already been closed, the US Treasury unlawfully sold sovereign citizens of the USSR to the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, which led to the closure of these banks under Basel-3. Since 1 October 2025, banks can no longer use US Treasury bonds as collateral for issuing money and will be forced to close by the end of 2026 if they do not have enough gold to issue loans. Since these banks do not have the gold US dollar, all central banks under Basel-2 and Basel-3 were consequently unable to provide cover for their currency issuance from 2023 to 2025 and were also unable to produce cover and gold backing for 2026.
Accordingly, the International Treasury M1 views the Russian Federation’s actions in 2025 as an attempt to sell Soviet citizens into Roman debt slavery as Russian citizens using the Russian Federation’s passport and visa form as a residence permit. The Sovereign International Treasury M1 views such a sale as nothing other than an attempt by the Bank of Russia to declare the separate property of a Soviet person and a Soviet sovereign citizen ownerless and to unlawfully credit to the deposit accounts of Sovereign Citizens of the USSR all currency due since 1992, as well as funds invested in securities, the dividends on them, and gold and first-category currency valuables purchased with them, belonging to Citizens of the USSR as their lawful owner and holder.
Quotas in world money and the conditions for establishing them for the USA and neighbouring states
As of 3 July 2026, the deadline set for the United States of America as the US corporation and its administration had expired. Within that period, in fulfilment of their duties under the form of the owner of the ‘Alpha and Omega’ Banking Union, they were required to confirm to the Soviet Union their American sovereign and debt title embodying obligations worth 950 trillion US dollars with gold backing. This confirmation concerns the obligations of the American corporation and the Federal Reserve and is given without taking into account the accumulation of debts or accumulated debts and annuities owed to the Soviet Union and to the USSR State Bank in Moscow, when the global banking and financial system came under retention by the Soviet Union. It is specifically to the USSR State Bank and the Sovereign International Treasury M1 that everyone on this planet owes a debt, while the founders, owners, policyholders, shareholders and community of these structures have become overdue debtors to the entire Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The quota in world money from America consists of Germany, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, the PRC and Korea. If the listed countries follow the United States in applying to the lawful successor, the Sovereign International Treasury M1, to have quotas in world money established for them, and the United States in 2026 argues that, when the US quota is received, account must be taken of the occupied, mandated, dependent and controlled status and position of Germany, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, China and Korea in order to recognise them as deficient sovereign states, and also asserts that their governments are dependent on the government of the United States of America as functioning occupation administrations, then, under such international conditions, the United States will be obliged to agree to transfer to the Soviet Union the occupied and dependent status of those same countries requesting a quota in world money—Germany, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, China and Korea. This is necessary so that consideration of the question of establishing quotas in world money for them can be accepted without taking into account the sovereign rights and legitimate interests of the United States of America.
The United States (US, not a republic, specifically the United States) is irrevocably obliged, without exceptions or reservations, to recognise that Soviet people who hold citizenship of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics are not natural persons. They are recognised as possessors, holders, administrators, users and owners of their personal property, and not only of their personal property. They are recognised as owners of property, shares, assets and rights, financial rights, including their value and their right of claim. The government of the United States, as the corporate government of the US, is obliged to establish and secure for citizens of the USSR, in full and without any additional requirements, conditions or reservations, the privileges and other immunities provided for diplomatic missions and representations under international law. Recognising, preserving, respecting and protecting the sovereign rights and legitimate interests of sovereign citizens of the Soviet Union is an honourable duty and sovereign obligation of the government of the United States. They must do this, otherwise they will never receive a quota in world money from the Sovereign International Treasury M1.
Under international law, the US government must formally be required to declare its understanding that establishing a US quota in world money will require it, at any level and at any time, to confirm at the United Nations the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and also, independently or together with states neighbouring the USSR, to confirm that the Soviet Union’s state border is inviolable. The Soviet Union’s state border is delimited and demarcated solely as a state border, a sovereign state border with the neighbouring state of the USSR, rather than with a Union republic or any other territorial entity within the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union borders Norway, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Iran, Afghanistan and Mongolia, and also borders states across the seas—the Barents, Baltic, Black, Japan and Okhotsk Seas, the Bering Strait, and the Chukchi, Arctic, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
The government of the United States is obliged to demand from states neighbouring the Soviet Union proper confirmations and assurances that their state or administrative borders adjoin the USSR’s state border, and to obtain the existing instruments on its delimitation dating from 1991 onwards, which have been deemed withdrawn since 2022 and have the status of being void and without legal effect. This applies to the Union republics. Otherwise, the government of the United States, as the corporate commercial government of the US, will be obliged to ask the Sovereign International Treasury M1 to cancel the quotas in world money of states neighbouring the Soviet Union or transfer their value to the US government for its use and management in trust.
The government of the United States of America must demand that the quasi-states unlawfully established on the sovereign territory of the USSR’s Union republics, and other entities and theocracies within the Soviet Union, recognise that their temporary boundaries do not constitute a state border with countries neighbouring the Soviet Union. The instruments on border delimitation in their possession are considered temporary and deficient, already extinguished by the end of 2025 as part of the international audit conducted in all former Union republics, which were unlawfully admitted through a coup d’état for the proclamation of temporary and limited operation, and are void or have passed into the exclusive jurisdiction of the Soviet Union. Otherwise, the United States authorities will regard them as failed states, and their existence will be considered temporary, under the regime of a failed state and a bankrupt entity and in a state of liquidation, except for the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Through such legal actions when receiving a quota in world money, the United States of America could already be reconstituted as a republic by an act of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and could also attest at the United Nations that US sovereignty derives specifically and exclusively from the Soviet Union, while recognising that the international recognition of the Soviet Union as a subject of international law is a final, accomplished, legitimate and lawful fact.
To confirm receipt of a quota in world money without any conditions, the President and government of the United States must transfer exclusively to the sole jurisdiction of the Sovereign International Treasury M1 all their rights of claim against the Rothschild banking house and other houses, and persons affiliated with them, in respect of all assets and all holdings that belonged before 2023 to the people of the United States of America, the Federal Reserve and the commercial corporate government, regardless of where or in whose possession or custody they may be. The US authorities must understand that, by addressing a citizen of the USSR, they have addressed the Soviet Union, and by addressing the Soviet Union, they have addressed the USSR’s emergency political body and state financial system — the USSR State Bank in Moscow. The US authorities and government must therefore recognise, declare and confirm that the powers and legal authority of the persons who signed the US request for quotas in world money have been duly verified and confirmed, and that the relevant mandates authorising action in the interests of the peoples of the United States of America have been issued to an authorised person. Upon first request, this communication will be confirmed for approval by the federal marshals of the United States of America and submitted to the Congresses for ratification, and must also be processed by the House of Representatives and the Senate of the United States of America for approval by the Supreme Court of the United States and for their endorsement of the US President’s request for the allocation of a US quota in world money. This request may be put to a referendum in the territories of the states or approved by their authorities.
The Academy excludes the RF trading company from negotiations over a US quota and refers to notice given to the United States by Soviet extraordinary bodies. The source places “void,” “impossible” and “does not depend” on RF actions alongside one another. The clear point is the refusal to recognise RF participation; the passage does not separately establish that an application has already been accepted and formally considered.
Consequences for quasi-states and US obligations to transfer rights of claim
As part of a settlement under international law arising from the continuous existence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a subject of international law and a permanent member of the UN Security Council, the government of the United States of America must demand that the quasi-states unlawfully established on the sovereign territory of the USSR’s Union republics, as well as other entities and theocracies within the Soviet Union, acknowledge that their temporary boundaries do not constitute a state border with countries neighbouring the Soviet Union. The instruments on border delimitation in their possession are considered temporary and deficient, extinguished by the end of 2025 as part of the international audit conducted in all former Union republics. These instruments are void or have passed into the exclusive jurisdiction of the Soviet Union.
Otherwise, the United States authorities will regard such entities as failed states, and their existence as temporary, under the regime of a failed state and a bankrupt entity, in a state of liquidation. The exceptions are the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, to which this regime does not apply.
Through such legal actions when receiving a quota in world money, the United States of America could be reconstituted as a republic by an act of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. At the same time, it could attest at the United Nations that US sovereignty derives specifically and exclusively from the Soviet Union. This acknowledgement confirms that the international recognition of the Soviet Union as a subject of international law is a final, accomplished, legitimate and lawful fact.
To confirm receipt of a quota in world money without any conditions, the President and government of the United States must transfer to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Sovereign International Treasury M1 all their rights of claim against the Rothschild banking house and other houses, and persons affiliated with them, in respect of all assets and holdings that belonged before 2023 to the people of the United States of America, the Federal Reserve and the commercial corporate government, regardless of where or in whose possession or custody they may be.
The US authorities must understand that, by addressing a citizen of the USSR, they are addressing the Soviet Union, and by addressing the Soviet Union, they are addressing the USSR’s emergency political body and state financial system — the USSR State Bank in Moscow. The US authorities and government must therefore recognise, declare and confirm that the powers and legal authority of the persons who signed the US request for quotas in world money have been duly verified and confirmed, and that the relevant mandates authorising action in the interests of the peoples of the United States of America have been issued to an authorised person. Upon first request, this communication, in the form of an appeal, resolution or message, will be confirmed for approval by the federal marshals of the United States of America and submitted to Congress for ratification, and must also be processed by the House of Representatives and the Senate of the United States of America for approval by the Supreme Court of the United States and for their endorsement of the US President’s request for the allocation of a US quota in world money. This request may be put to a referendum in the territories of the states or approved by their authorities.
At the end of this passage, the RF is again excluded from the negotiation process. The lecturer demands that the United States cease relying on treaties and other acts of the trading company’s digital government as a supposed Soviet successor. That demand is separate from the transcript’s ambiguous wording about the status of the quota application itself.
Join the discussion on the Union Forum: https://forum.governmentussr.com/t/chto-skryvaet-istoriya-sovetskogo-rublya-izuchaem-reformu-1961-goda-i-obsuzhdaem-materialy-lekczii/776
